the humans rights in colombia and all around the wrold by valenino gomez

by valentino gomez   the human rights in colombia and all around the world (tittle)

(intro)

In colombia  It has been a member of the united nations since 5 November 1945,and is party to a variety of international agreements concerning human rights. It also has a series of domestic laws concerning the protection of human rights. However , Colombia’s human rights record often contradicts directly with the laws and agreements to which it is bound Colombia is widely referred to as the country with the worst human rights record in the western hemisphere’.In the UK Foreign Office annual human rights report for 2010, Colombia features as one of 20 Countries of Concern.

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Colombia is widely referred to as the most dangerous country in the world to be a trade unionist. The 2011 Annual Survey of Violation of Trade Union Rights published by the international trade union confederation (ituc) reports that 49 trade unionists were killed in Colombia in 2010, more than in the rest of the world put together. According to government figures, 37 unionists were murdered.Between January and August 2011, 19 trade unionists have been reported killed.

According to the National Labour School (ens), a Colombian NGO monitoring trade union violence, impunity for crimes committed against trade unionists is running at 94%.

Trade union membership in Colombia has fallen dramatically since the 1980s. According to Justice for Colombia, a British NGO campaigning for human rights and an end to trade union violence in Colombia, this is due to a combination of factors: ‘Less than 5% of Colombian workers are members of trade unions  the lowest level in the Americas. Less than twenty years ago it was double that figure but violence against trade unionists, changes in the labour market and anti-trade union policies have led to a huge decrease in membership. Today only 850,000 Colombians are members of a trade union’. As demonstrated by figures from the ENS, such is the nature of the Colombian workforce, it is very difficult for the majority of Colombian workers to join a trade union: ‘of Colombia’s 18 million working people11 million are working in the informal economy Of the remaining 7 million people (who do have formal employment) only 4 million benefit from permanent employment contracts.

(conclusion)

in colombia and the others countries classificated the human rights can be classified and organised in several different ways. At an international level the most common categorisation of human rights has been to split them into civil and political  rights, and economic, social and cultural rights.Civil and political rights are enshrined in articles 3 to 21 of the universal declaration of human rights and in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . Economic, social and cultural rights are enshrined in articles 22 to 28 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights.

english topic free by valentino gomez

by valentino gomez                    the universe   (tittle)

(intro)

The Universe is all of spacetime and its contents,which includes planets, moons, minorsplanets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space and all matterand energy. While the size of the entire Universe is still unknown, it is possible to measure the observable universe. 

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The prevailing model for the evolution of the Universe is the Big Bang theory.The Big Bang model states that the earliest state of the Universe was extremely hot and dense and that it subsequently expanded. The model is based on general relativity and on simplifying assumptions such as homogeneity and isotrofy of space. A version of the model with a cosmological constant and cold dark matter, known as the lambda cdm model, is the simplest model that provides a reasonably good account of various observations about the Universe. The Big Bang model accounts for observations such as the correlation of distance and redsshiftof galaxies, the ratio of the number of hydrogen to helium atoms, and the microwave radiation background.he initial hot, dense state is called the planck epoch, a brief period extending from time zero to one planck time unit of approximately 10 seconds. During the Planck epoch, all types of matter and all types of energy were concentrated into a dense state, where gravitation is believed to have been as strong as the other fundamental forces, and all the forces may have been unified. Since the Planck epoch, the Universe has been expanding to its present form, possibly with a very brief period of cosmic inflation which caused the Universe to reach a much larger size in less than 10 seconds.After the Planck epoch and inflation came the quark, hadron, and lepton epochs. Together, these epochs encompassed less than 10 seconds of time following the Big Bang.

(conclusion)

The Universe also contains a mysterious energy called drak energy, the density of which does not change over time. After about 9.8 billion years, the Universe had expanded sufficiently so that the density of matter was less than the density of dark energy, marking the beginning of the present dark energy dominated era. In this era, the expansion of the Universe is accelerating due to dark energy.