violence against women and children worldwide by valentino gomez

 violence against women and children worldwide by valentino gomez Title

Introduction

violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life. 
Intimate partner violence refers to behaviour by an intimate partner or ex-partner that causes physical, sexual or psychological harm, including physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviours.

Sexual violence isany sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, or other act directed against a person’s sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of their relationship to the victim, in any setting. It includes rape, defined as the physically forced or otherwise coerced penetration of the vulva or anus with a penis, other body part or object.

Thesis

• -Violence can negatively affect women’s physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health, and may increase the risk of acquiring HIV in some settings.
• -Men are more likely to perpetrate violence if they have low education, a history of child maltreatment, exposure to domestic violence against their mothers, harmful use of alcohol, unequal gender norms including attitudes accepting of violence, and a sense of entitlement over women.
• -Women are more likely to experience intimate partner violence if they have low education, exposure to mothers being abused by a partner, abuse during childhood, and attitudes accepting violence, male privilege, and women’s subordinate status.
• -There is evidence that advocacy and empowerment counselling interventions, as well as home visitation are promising in preventing or reducing intimate partner violence against women.

Body

Population-level surveys based on reports from victims provide the most accurate estimates of the prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual violence. A 2013 analysis conduct by WHO with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the South Africa Medical Research Council, used existing data from over 80 countries and found that worldwide, 1 in 3, or 35%, of women have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner or non-partner sexual violence.

As a financier of development projects, the Bank has supported $128 million in development projects aimed at addressing VAWG. To implement these projects in an evidence-based, safe, and ethical way, the Bank, along with key global partners, has created a series of tools to provide operational guidance for staff to include VAWG prevention and response into their programs, which span many different sectors –from health and education to infrastructure and public services.

To implement these projects in an evidence-based, safe, and ethical way, the Bank, along with key global partners, has created a series of tools to provide operational guidance for staff to include VAWG prevention and response into their programs, which span many different sectors – from health and education to infrastructure and public services.

process

-lower levels of education perpetration of sexual violence and experience of sexual violence.

- a history of exposure to child maltreatment perpetration and experience.

- witnessing family violence perpetration and experience.

- antisocial personality disorder perpetration.

- harmful use of alcohol perpetration and experience.

Consecuenses

• - Have fatal outcomes like homicide or suicide.
• - Lead to injuries, with 42% of women who experience intimate partner violence reporting an injury as a consequence of this violence.
• -These forms of violence can lead to depression, post-traumatic stress and other anxiety disorders, sleep difficulties, eating disorders, and suicide attempts. The 2013 analysis found that women who have experienced intimate partner violence were almost twice as likely to experience depression and problem drinking.

Concluction

 low resource settings, prevention strategies that have been shown to be promising include: those that empower women economically and socially through a combination of microfinance and skills training related to gender equality; that promote communication and relationship skills within couples and communities; that reduce access to, and harmful use of alcohol; transform harmful gender and social norms through community mobilization and group-based participatory education with women and men to generate critical reflections about unequal gender and power relationships.

process of democration electios in colombia by valentino gomez

by valentino gomez

process of democration elections in colombia    Title

Introduction

Many parties are oligarchic organizations, where politicians adopt
decisions in an exclusive manner, without taking into account the opinions of its members, and
only son chambers consulted to legitimize policies and elections first taken.
In them the elites powerfully control the power, they do not facilitate the participation of
all the groups in the programmatic definitions or in the election of the candidates and
the bases lack mechanisms to reward or punish their leaders, if they do not
he fulfills his promises or his government programs. These matches are characterized
for having levels of internal democracy, with organizational development and processes
decision-makers and that has not prevented the routine of the systems
polyarchies where they compete.

Tesis

- The trend in the design of electoral administrations.
- - Analysis of the independent variable: the administration of elections
from the electoral governance approach.
- The administration of elections from the perspective of
Electoral governance: presentation of indicators.
-Analysis of the dependent variable: democracy procedural and
your strength.
- Testing of the hypothesis, explanation of objectives and other issues
Relevant
- Explanation of the first objective: the importance of the procedure in
the country democracies.
- Explanation of the second objective: consolidation of democracies
elections in the country.
- Explanation of the third objective: the role of the electoral administration in
the colombia democracies.
- Testing of hypothesis.

Body

Since the promulgation of the 1991 Constitution, Colombia formally became one of the most democratic countries in the world. The Letter of 91 enthroned participatory democracy to complement and expand the abstract representative democracy, and even gave constitutional status to citizen participation organizations such as the National Planning Council.

Then, it was intended to develop participatory democracy with a complete law of citizen participation mechanisms law 134 of 1994 that endowed Colombians with important legal tools to intervene in public affairs and defend their fundamental rights.

Conclusion

Despite all the Constitutional and legal development that Colombia has in terms of participation, we have seen how political dynamics and decision making go against and are more inscribed in closed, unilateral and excluding processes. The excessive concentration of power in the head of the executive prevents, even, the perfect development of the democratic representation that is expressed through the collegiate bodies. The municipal councils and the local administrative boards, the departmental assemblies and even the Congress of the Republic end up, on many occasions, mired in the interests and prerogatives of the government of the day, and leaving aside their function of representing, through their decisions, the citizens' interests that summon them and much less fulfill their function of political control, a fundamental pillar of democracy.

In the order of ideas that participatory democracy complements, supplements and strengthens representative democracy, citizen participation, understood in the elaboration, execution and control of public policies, is a superior step in the democratization of our social system. However, we must first begin by building a system of independent representation vis-à-vis the executive, transparent in the face of public decisions and responsible to citizens, without this, the complementarity of participation is impossible or useless.

In addition, our participatory democracy will be nothing more than a simple sophism of distraction as long as there are no governments committed to creating the conditions for the real participation of citizens and civil society groups prepared, active and aware of their rights to be conquered and of their duties. that they must fulfill to make democratic postulates a reality.

Process and Consecuences

In the process the elections regional some parties work in a way coordinated with its territorial estates and otherscentralize the selection of candidates. Nevertheless,it is interesting to highlight the ASI asthe only party that establishes in its statutes full autonomy to its territorial chapters collegiate for the definition of future candidates. In this same sense it is important to review how some parties transmit the power for the selection of candidates who today represent them in Congress, such is the case of the Partido de The U and Radical Change that, although they do not leave for
complete the matter in the hands of its congressmen, if they foresee by statute to consider their valuations and applications when defining your candidates partisans in the territory.

 And rhe consecuences are Eliminating abstentionists from the electoral census is the wrong answer to the problem of abstention. It would make electoral participation look higher on paper, but in practice it would reduce it. The substantial thing is to raise the participation rate. This is important for two reasons. The first is democratic legitimacy, and the second is that those who do not vote tend to be those in socioeconomic terms in a disadvantaged position. High percentages of abstention tend to generate high percentages of socioeconomic inequality.

vacations by valentino gomez

valentino gomez                               vacations (tittle)

(intro)

in the holidays is to have a great time in any way like spending it with your family or friends, you can enjoy watching series, movies, or traveling around the world or also to be able to rest from all the work that is done in most of the year. vacations are part of life because without them we would not rest, it would be exhausting with a life without meaning.

(body)

What I know is that I'm going to spend the holidays with my family and friends because it's Christmas time and it's the normal thing of the time. in this holiday I will be able to play with my cousins ​​or friends to videogames and sports or I will also be able to rest from all the tasks or exams of the school, I will have time to go out more to the street or I will also be able to see series or movies that I have not seen until now and be able to enjoy them with the time that I have left.

In the holidays besides all the entertainment that I could have I can also use them to study a little the subjects that I do not do very well in school like maths, a subject that I have not managed to pass. in these holidays I also plan to go to the beach to enjoy the water and also to motorbikes or water games. I plan to travel as a Bogota, Medellin or Cartagena because they are places that I like to go a lot in holiday seasons because they are places that I have never been able to go and I know little of those cities.

I also want to have a good time when the new year begins which is 2018 a very nice year because it is the year that I start my last year in the lyndon b johnson and also have a more beautiful year of life as I will be in the next year with life.

(conclusion)

enjoy the holidays to the fullest with friends and family as they are certain times that every person should have since in those certain times that people can be more played because it may be that relatives are living in other parts of the world but It can not always be like this. vacations are times with memories and memories for anyone.

christmas and religion by valentino gomez

by valentino gomez                   christmas and religion

For me, Christmas is a wonderful time because we can enjoy our happiest moments with our families and friends. a time where the birth of the baby Jesus is celebrated, also at Christmas gifts are given to children who ask the child god or Santa Claus according to religion. as the catholic religion also colloquially called Easter is one of the most important festivities of Christianity, along with Easter and Pentecost. This Christmas has a lot to do with religion because the origins can vary according to the holidays. Although the exact date of the birth of Jesus of Nazareth is not recorded in the Old Testament or the New Testament, December 25 has been significant in the ancient peoples who celebrated during the winter solstice in the northern hemisphere from the 21st December, Adoption on that date was made centuries later, beginning with the testimony of the sixth African July n the year 221 on the date of birth in Judea and the philocalial liturgical calendar of 354 after as it was before not all religions celebrate christmas but celebrate other types of things instead of christmas like muslims.

the humans rights in colombia and all around the wrold by valenino gomez

by valentino gomez   the human rights in colombia and all around the world (tittle)

(intro)

In colombia  It has been a member of the united nations since 5 November 1945,and is party to a variety of international agreements concerning human rights. It also has a series of domestic laws concerning the protection of human rights. However , Colombia’s human rights record often contradicts directly with the laws and agreements to which it is bound Colombia is widely referred to as the country with the worst human rights record in the western hemisphere’.In the UK Foreign Office annual human rights report for 2010, Colombia features as one of 20 Countries of Concern.

(body)

Colombia is widely referred to as the most dangerous country in the world to be a trade unionist. The 2011 Annual Survey of Violation of Trade Union Rights published by the international trade union confederation (ituc) reports that 49 trade unionists were killed in Colombia in 2010, more than in the rest of the world put together. According to government figures, 37 unionists were murdered.Between January and August 2011, 19 trade unionists have been reported killed.

According to the National Labour School (ens), a Colombian NGO monitoring trade union violence, impunity for crimes committed against trade unionists is running at 94%.

Trade union membership in Colombia has fallen dramatically since the 1980s. According to Justice for Colombia, a British NGO campaigning for human rights and an end to trade union violence in Colombia, this is due to a combination of factors: ‘Less than 5% of Colombian workers are members of trade unions  the lowest level in the Americas. Less than twenty years ago it was double that figure but violence against trade unionists, changes in the labour market and anti-trade union policies have led to a huge decrease in membership. Today only 850,000 Colombians are members of a trade union’. As demonstrated by figures from the ENS, such is the nature of the Colombian workforce, it is very difficult for the majority of Colombian workers to join a trade union: ‘of Colombia’s 18 million working people11 million are working in the informal economy Of the remaining 7 million people (who do have formal employment) only 4 million benefit from permanent employment contracts.

(conclusion)

in colombia and the others countries classificated the human rights can be classified and organised in several different ways. At an international level the most common categorisation of human rights has been to split them into civil and political  rights, and economic, social and cultural rights.Civil and political rights are enshrined in articles 3 to 21 of the universal declaration of human rights and in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . Economic, social and cultural rights are enshrined in articles 22 to 28 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights.

english topic free by valentino gomez

by valentino gomez                    the universe   (tittle)

(intro)

The Universe is all of spacetime and its contents,which includes planets, moons, minorsplanets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space and all matterand energy. While the size of the entire Universe is still unknown, it is possible to measure the observable universe. 

(body)

The prevailing model for the evolution of the Universe is the Big Bang theory.The Big Bang model states that the earliest state of the Universe was extremely hot and dense and that it subsequently expanded. The model is based on general relativity and on simplifying assumptions such as homogeneity and isotrofy of space. A version of the model with a cosmological constant and cold dark matter, known as the lambda cdm model, is the simplest model that provides a reasonably good account of various observations about the Universe. The Big Bang model accounts for observations such as the correlation of distance and redsshiftof galaxies, the ratio of the number of hydrogen to helium atoms, and the microwave radiation background.he initial hot, dense state is called the planck epoch, a brief period extending from time zero to one planck time unit of approximately 10 seconds. During the Planck epoch, all types of matter and all types of energy were concentrated into a dense state, where gravitation is believed to have been as strong as the other fundamental forces, and all the forces may have been unified. Since the Planck epoch, the Universe has been expanding to its present form, possibly with a very brief period of cosmic inflation which caused the Universe to reach a much larger size in less than 10 seconds.After the Planck epoch and inflation came the quark, hadron, and lepton epochs. Together, these epochs encompassed less than 10 seconds of time following the Big Bang.

(conclusion)

The Universe also contains a mysterious energy called drak energy, the density of which does not change over time. After about 9.8 billion years, the Universe had expanded sufficiently so that the density of matter was less than the density of dark energy, marking the beginning of the present dark energy dominated era. In this era, the expansion of the Universe is accelerating due to dark energy.

to admire by valentino gomez

I admire Cristiano Ronaldo because he is the best player in the world and he is player of the best team in the world, the real madrid, I started to admire it because he heard a lot of him and I started to see him playing when he played in Manchester United. a player who was cracking the other players and towards very good goals, in addition to doing so both his reward team gave him prizes as a scorer or better player of the tournament and what I admire is that he won four times the gold ball and this year will go to the fifth. every day I admire him more for all he does in the current team than he is because he is a scorer in the most important tournament in Europe and I help a lot to win the most important trophies and I hope to continue watching until he retires.